History of Nepal
Nepal is the country where ancient civilization was practiced since last thousands of year before the birth of Christ along with many several different kingdom and rules.
History of Nepal : According the legend first known dynasty is called Gopal bansi (cow herders dynasty) similarly second dynasty is Mahispal bansi (Buffallow herders dynasty).
further more a different manuscript shows that a dynasty called kirat used to rule in the eastern hills of Nepal.
Finally Mahispal bansi (buffallo herders dynasty) defeated by Kirat dynasty and took control of Kathmandu valley.
According to the myths battle took place around 6th century. King Yalambar was one of the powerful king from Kirat dynasty.
History of Nepal – Some other major ruling dynasties are given as in below :
- Lichhavi Dynasty
- Simroun Dynasty
- Thakuri Dynasty
- Malla Dynasty
- Shah Dynasty
- Rana Regime
- Revolution
- Royal Coup
- Nepalese civil war
- Federal Democratic Republic
Lichhavi Dynasty
Lichhavi dynasty come from Vaishali of Indian state called Bihar in adition They used to speak sweet words and language and very clever in battle.
After defeating the last king of Kirat dynasty they came into power.
Simroun Dynasty
Similarly Simroun dynasty used to rule in the southern part of Nepal establishing in 1097CE.
Finally a Muslim invedor Gyasudin Tuglaq attacked the dynasty in 1324 CE and King fled into Kathmandu valley moreover his two son got married with widow princess of Bhaktapur.
Thakuri Dynasty
Thakuri dynasty is also known as Rajput dynasty and ruled from 7th to 12th century after the Lichhavi Dynasty.
Their rule used to be in the southern part of Nepal similarly a different kings from same dynasty also used to rule in the northern part of Nepal and they are called Surya bansi ( Solar dynasty).
Malla Dynasty
The rule of the dynasty starts from 12th century by a king called Ari Malla in addition their kingdom was expanded until Indian sub continet and western Tibet.
During the time culture and tradition was flourished which still you can see in Kathmandu valley.
When Grand son of Jayasthiti Malla named Yaksha Malla was ruling, in 15th century, they had family miss understandings and problems so that valley was divided into 3 small kingdom : Kathmandu / Patan / Bhaktapur.
This division brought clashes between three kingdom on the field of territory, commerce, culture etc.
which weakened them in result their problems facilitated conquest of Kathmandu valley by a king from Shah dynasty ( Prithivi Narayan Shah ) from Gorkha.
Shah Dynasty
This is one of the major Dynasty of Nepal because of Country’s unification.
During the time when Malla kings were ruling, there was a small kingdom called Gorkha to the western hills of Nepal where kings from Shah dynasty used to rule.
Prithivi Narayan Shah is one of the brilliant knowledgable and skillful king of Shah dynasty.
He foresaw and dreamed of the need of unification of the smaller kingdom into a big country Nepal to avoid outer attacks, in 1769 he succeed to unite all those small states into one country Nepal.
A fascinating topic! Surya Dynasty
The Suryavamsha dynasty, also known as the Surya dynasty or the Solar dynasty, was a royal dynasty that ruled Nepal from 1768 to 1846. It was founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkhali king from the Gorkha Kingdom, who united various kingdoms and principalities in the Kathmandu Valley and established the modern state of Nepal.
The Suryavamsha dynasty was named after the sun (Surya) because they claimed to be descendants of the sun god. According to legend, Prithvi Narayan Shah was born with a birthmark resembling a sun on his forehead, which was seen as a sign of his divine origin.
Here’s a brief overview of the Suryavamsha dynasty:
- Prithvi Narayan Shah (1768-1775): Founder of the dynasty, he united various kingdoms and established the Kingdom of Nepal.
- Bahadur Shah (1775-1777): Son of Prithvi Narayan Shah, he expanded the kingdom’s borders and established relationships with neighboring kingdoms.
- Rana Bahadur Shah (1777-1799): Son of Bahadur Shah, he continued his father’s expansionist policies and strengthened the kingdom’s military.
- Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah (1799-1816): Son of Rana Bahadur Shah, he focused on internal administration and development, but faced challenges from neighboring kingdoms.
- Regency Council (1816-1846): After Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah’s death, a regency council ruled Nepal until 1846, when Rana Jung Bahadur Kunwar seized power and established the Rana dynasty.
The Suryavamsha dynasty is notable for its contributions to Nepalese history, including:
- Unifying various kingdoms and principalities in the Kathmandu Valley
- Establishing the modern state of Nepal
- Strengthening the kingdom’s military and administrative institutions
- Promoting trade and commerce with neighboring countries
However, the dynasty also faced challenges, including conflicts with neighboring kingdoms, internal power struggles, and external threats. The Suryavamsha dynasty came to an end with Rana Jung Bahadur Kunwar’s coup in 1846, marking the beginning of the Rana dynasty.
Rana Regime
When Kings from Shah dynasty was on rule, there was a man working inside the palace and he was very clever.
Afterward he earn the trust of queen performing whatever king used to ask him to do …in this way, with the help of queen he did royal massacre and came into power.
He announced himself as prime minister like wise King and all his family members and administration were under controlled by him. This kind of autocracy extended for 104 years.
Revolution
Dissatisfaction against the rule of Rana regime resulted a revolution in 1951 emerging from Well educated people who studied outside the country .
A political party called “Nepali Congress ” formed a military liberation wing with the help of their exiled leader B. P. Koirala.
Then after Revolution gave a result to bring Shah kings again to power and paved way to bring back their exiled king Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah to Nepal from India and in 2008 BS King formed a government of 14 ministers .
Later in 2009BS again King formed a 5 members council government which is also failed to rule.
Royal Coup
As parliamentary democracy failure, King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah stepped further a royal coup 18 months in 1960 and decleared ‘party less ruling system’ and promulgated another constitution on Dec 16-1960.
This kind of king’s rule is known as ” Panchayat ” which extended for about 30 years.
In 1979 students demonstrated against the King’s ruling system ( Panchayat ) , afterward King Birendra Bir Bikram Sahadev decleared National referendum to Choose Kings ruling system or Multy party democratic system . Multi party system won the victory and different political parties came into politics.
Nepalese civil war
Nepalese civil war also known as Maoist conflict took place from 1996 to 2006 resulting 16278 deaths.
The war in between communist party and government was started by Nepal Communist Party ( Maoist ) and spread armed conflict through out the country.
The main purpose of the war was to overthrow the Monarchy and establish a people’s republic.
In the begining stage of of the Civil war took right form and was popular among the people of Nepal as they used to think that they are fighting for the middle and lower class people’s right.
Later The Communist party Maoist and their war began to be unpopular because they started kidnapping, massacre, destroy the bridges schools and other war crimes against humanity.
War ended up with the signing up on “Comprehensive Peace Accord” which was held on 21st Nov 2006.
Federal Democratic Republic
After the end of civil war in 21st Nov 2006 Nepalese people hoped to see Key agendas of Maoist (Maobadi) in action.
On 1st June 2001 a unbelievable tragedy ( Royal Massacre ) wiped out All the family members of King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah leaving his brother Gyanendra and his family alive.
Later he was crowned as King, after some time of rule he dismissed. After this step All political parties jointly launched People’s movement in April 2006.
To stop the Movement king launched a curfew which extended for 19 days. At last king relinquished his power with the establishment of the parliament.
On Nov 21st 2006 Prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala from Nepali congress party and Prachanda from Maoist signed “Comprehensive peace Agreement” for the peace and progress of the Nation and people.
further more on 10th April 2008 Constituent Assembly election was held and on 28th May 2008 Constituent Assembly declared Nepal as a Federal Democratic Republic Country.
